第一条 为了规范招标投标活动，保护国家利益、社会公共利益和招标投标活动当事人的合法权益，提高经济效益，保证项目质量，制定本法。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内进行招标投标活动，适用本法。
第三条 在中华人民共和国境内进行下列工程建设项目包括项目的勘察、设计、施工、监理以及与工程建设有关的重要设备、材料等的采购，必须进行招标：
（一）大型基础设施、公用事业等关系社会公共利益、公众安全的项目；
（二）全部或者部分使用国有资金投资或者国家融资的项目；
（三）使用国际组织或者外国政府贷款、援助资金的项目。
前款所列项目的具体范围和规模标准，由国务院发展计划部门会同国务院有关部门制订，报国务院批准。
法律或者国务院对必须进行招标的其他项目的范围有规定的，依照其规定。
第四条 任何单位和个人不得将依法必须进行招标的项目化整为零或者以其他任何方式规避招标。
第五条 招标投标活动应当遵循公开、公平、公正和诚实信用的原则。
第六条 依法必须进行招标的项目，其招标投标活动不受地区或者部门的限制。任何单位和个人不得违法限制或者排斥本地区、本系统以外的法人或者其他组织参加投标，不得以任何方式非法干涉招标投标活动。
第七条 招标投标活动及其当事人应当接受依法实施的监督。
有关行政监督部门依法对招标投标活动实施监督，依法查处招标投标活动中的违法行为。
对招标投标活动的行政监督及有关部门的具体职权划分，由国务院规定。
第二章 招 标
第八条 招标人是依照本法规定提出招标项目、进行招标的法人或者其他组织。
第九条 招标项目按照国家有关规定需要履行项目审批手续的，应当先履行审批手续，取得批准。
招标人应当有进行招标项目的相应资金或者资金来源已经落实，并应当在招标文件中如实载明。
第十条 招标分为公开招标和邀请招标。
公开招标，是指招标人以招标公告的方式邀请不特定的法人或者其他组织投标。
邀请招标，是指招标人以投标邀请书的方式邀请特定的法人或者其他组织投标。
第十一条 国务院发展计划部门确定的国家重点项目和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府确定的地方重点项目不适宜公开招标的，经国务院发展计划部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，可以进行邀请招标。
第十二条 招标人有权自行选择招标代理机构，委托其办理招标事宜。任何单位和个人不得以任何方式为招标人指定招标代理机构。
招标人具有编制招标文件和组织评标能力的，可以自行办理招标事宜。任何单位和个人不得强制其委托招标代理机构办理招标事宜。
依法必须进行招标的项目，招标人自行办理招标事宜的，应当向有关行政监督部门备案。
第十三条 招标代理机构是依法设立、从事招标代理业务并提供相关服务的社会中介组织。
招标代理机构应当具备下列条件：
（一）有从事招标代理业务的营业场所和相应资金；
（二）有能够编制招标文件和组织评标的相应专业力量；
（三）有符合本法第三十七条第三款规定条件、可以作为评标委员会成员人选的技术、经济等方面的专家库。
第十四条 从事工程建设项目招标代理业务的招标代理机构，其资格由国务院或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的建设行政主管部门认定。具体办法由国务院建设行政主管部门会同国务院有关部门制定。从事其他招标代理业务的招标代理机构，其资格认定的主管部门由国务院规定。
招标代理机构与行政机关和其他国家机关不得存在隶属关系或者其他利益关系。
第十五条 招标代公理机构应当在招标人委托的范围内办理招标事宜，并遵守本法关于招标人的规定。
第十六条 招标人采用开招标方式的，应当发布招标公告。依法必须进行招标的项目的招标公告，应当通过国家指定的报刊、信息网络或者其他媒介发布。
招标公告应当载明招标人的名称和地址、招标项目的性质、数量、实施地点和时间以及获取招标文件的办法等事项。
第十七条 招标人采用邀请招标方式的，应当向三个以上具备承担招标项目的能力、资信良好的特定的法人或者其他组织发出投标邀请书。
投标邀请书应当载明本法第十六条第二款规定的事项。
第十八条 招标人可以根据招标项目本身的要求，在招标公告或者投标邀请书中，要求潜在投标人提供有关资质证明文件和业绩情况，并对潜在投标人进行资格审查；国家对投标人的资格条件有规定的，依照其规定。
招标人不得以不合理的条件限制或者排斥潜在投标人，不得对潜在投标人实行歧视待遇。
第十九条 招标人应当根据招标项目的特点和需要编制招标文件。招标文件应当包括招标项目的技术要求、对投标人资格审查的标准、投标报价要求和评标标准等所有实质性要求和条件以及拟签订合同的主要条款。
国家对招标项目的技术、标准有规定的，招标人应当按照其规定在招标文件中提出相应要求。
招标项目需要划分标段、确定工期的，招标人应当合理划分标段、确定工期，并在招标文件中载明。
第二十条 招标文件不得要求或者标明特定的生产供应者以及含有倾向或者排斥潜在投标人的其他内容。
第二十一条 招标人根据招标项目的具体情况，可以组织潜在投标人踏勘项目现场。
第二十二条 招标人不得向他人透露已获取招标文件的潜在投标人的名称、数量以及可能影响公平竞争的有关招标投标的其他情况。
招标人设有标底的，标底必须保密。
第二十三条 招标人对已发出的招标文件进行必要的澄清或者修改的，应当在招标文件要求提交投标文件截止时间至少十五日前，以书面形式通知所有招标文件收受人。该澄清或者修改的内容为招标文件的组成部分。
第二十四条 招标人应当确定投标人编制投标文件所需要的合理时间；但是，依法必须进行招标的项目，自招标文件开始发出之日起至投标提交投标文件截止之日止，最短不得少于二十日。
第三章 投 标
第二十五条 投标人是响应招标、参加投标竞争的法人或者其他组织。
依法招标的科研项目允许个人参加投标的，投标的个人适用本法有关投标人的规定。
第二十六条 投标人应当具备承担招标项目的能力；国家有关规定对投标人资格条件或者招标文件对投标人资格条件有规定的，投标人应当具备规定的资格条件。
第二十七条 投标人应当按照招标文件的要求编制投标文件。投标文件应当对招标文件提出的实质性要求和条件作出响应。
招标项目属于建设施工的，投标文件的内容应当包括拟派出的项目负责人与主要技术人员的简历、业绩和拟用于完成招标项目的机械设备等。
第二十八条 投标人应当在招标文件要求提交投标文件的截止时间前，将投标文件送达投标地点。招标人收到投标文件后，应当签收保存，不得开启。投标人少于三个的，招标人应当依照本法重新招标。
在招标文件要求提交投标文件的截止时间后送达的投标文件，招标人应当拒收。
第二十九条 投标人在招标文件要求提交投标文件的截止时间前，可以补充、修改或者撤回已提交的投标文件，并书面通知招标人。补充、修改的内容为投标文件的组成部分。
第三十条 投标人根据招标文件载明的项目实际情况，拟在中标后将中标项目的部分非主体、非关键性工作进行分包的，应当在投标文件中载明。
第三十一条 两个以上法人或者其他组织可以组成一个联合体，以一个投标人的身份共同投标。
联合体各方均应当具备承担招标项目的相应能力；国家有关规定或者招标文件对投标人资格条件有规定的，联合体各方均应当具备规定的相应资格条件。由同一专业的单位组成的联合体，按照资质等级较低的单位确定资质等级。
联合体各方应当签订共同投标协议，明确约定各方拟承担的工作和责任，并将共同投标协议连同投标文件一并提交招标人。联合体中标的，联合体各方应当共同与招标人签订合同，就中标项目向招标人承担连带责任。
招标人不得强制投标人组成联合体共同投标，不得限制投标人之间的竞争。
第三十二条 投标人不得相互串通投标报价，不得排挤其他投标人的公平竞争，损害招标人或者其他投标人的合法权益。
投标人不得与招标人串通投标，损害国家利益、社会公共利益或者他人的合法权益。
禁止投标人以向招标人或者评标委员会成员行贿的手段谋取中标。
第三十三条 投标人不得以低于成本的报价竞标，也不得以他人名义投标或者以其他方式弄虚作假，骗取中标。
第四章 开标、评标和中标
第三十四条 开标应当在招标文件确定的提交投标文件截止时间的同一时间公开进行；开标地点应当为招标文件中预先确定的地点。
第三十五条 开标由招标人主持，邀请所有投标人参加。
第三十六条 开标时，由投标人或者其推选的代表检查投标文件的密封情况，也可以由招标人委托的公证机构检查并公证；经确认无误后，由工作人员当众拆封，宣读投标人名称、投标价格和投标文件的其他主要内容。
招标人在招标文件要求提交投标文件的截止时间前收到的所有投标文件，开标时都应当当众予以拆封、宣读。
开标过程应当记录，并存档备查。
第三十七条 评标由招标人依法组建的评标委员会负责。
依法必须进行招标的项目，其评标委员会由招标人的代表和有关技术、经济等方面的专家组成，成员人数为五人以上单数，其中技术、经济等方面的专家不得少于成员总数的三分之二。
前款专家应当从事相关领域工作满八年并具有高级职称或者具有同等专业水平，由招标人从国务院有关部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关部门提供的专家名册或者招标代理机构的专家库内的相关专业的专家名单中确定；一般招标项目可以采取随机抽取方式，特殊招标项目可以由招标人直接确定。
与投标人有利害关系的人不得进入相关项目的评标委员会；已经进入的应当更换。
评标委员会成员的名单在中标结果确定前应当保密。
第三十八条 招标人应当采取必要的措施，保证评标在严格保密的情况下进行。
任何单位和个人不得非法干预、影响评标的过程和结果。
第三十九条 评标委员会可以要求投标人对投标文件中含义不明确的内容作必要的澄清或者说明，但是澄清或者说明不得超出投标文件的范围或者改变投标文件的实质性内容。
第四十条 评标委员会应当按照招标文件确定的评标标准和方法，对投标文件进行评审和比较；设有标底的，应当参考标底。评标委员会完成评标后，应当向招标人提出书面评标报告，并推荐合格的中标候选人。
招标人根据评标委员会提出的书面评标报告和推荐的中标候选人确定中标人。招标人也可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人。
国务院对特定招标项目的评标有特别规定的，从其规定。
第四十一条 中标人的投标应当符合下列条件
（一）能够最大限度地满足招标文件中规定的各项综合评价标准；
（二）能够满足招标文件的实质性要求，并且经评审的投标价格最低；但是投标价格低于成本的除外。
第四十二条 评标委员会经评审，认为所有投标都不符合招标文件要求的，可以否决所有投标。
依法必须进行招标的项目的所有投标被否决的，招标人应当依照本法重新招标。
第四十三条 在确定中标人前， 招标人不得与投标人就投标价格、投标方案等实质性内容进行谈判。
第四十四条 评标委员会成员应当客观、公正地履行职务，遵守职业道德，对所提出的评审意见承担个人责任。
评标委员会成员不得私下接触投标人，不得收受投标人的财物或者其他好处。
评标委员会成员和参与评标的有关工作人员不得透露对投标文件的评审和比较、中标侯选人的推荐情况以及与评标有关的其他情况。
第四十五条 中标人确定后，招标人应当向中标人发出中标通知书，并同时将中标结果通知所有未中标的投标人。
中标通知书对招标人和中标人具有法律效力。中标通知书发出后，招标人改变中标结果的，或者中标人放弃中标项目的，应当依法承担法律责任。
第四十六条 招标人和中标人应当自中标通知书发出之日起三十日内，按照招标文件和中标人的投标文件订立书面合同。招标人和中标人不得再行订立背离合同实质性内容的其他协议。
招标文件要求中标人提交履约保证金的，中标人应当提交。
第四十七条 依法必须进行招标的项目，招标人应当自确定中标人之日起十五日内，向有关行政监督部门提交招标投标情况的书面报告。
第四十八条 中标人应当按照合同约定履行义务，完成中标项目。中标人不得向他人转让中标项目，也不得将中标项目肢解后分别向他人转让。
中标人按照合同约定或者经招标人同意，可以将中标项目的部分非主体、非关键性工作分包给他人完成。接受分包的人应当具备相应的资格条件，并不得再次分包。
中标人应当就分包项目向招标人负责，接受分包的人就分包项目承担连带责任。
第五章 法律责任
第四十九条 违反本法规定，必须进行招标的项目而不招标的，将必须进行招标的项目化整为零或者以其他任何方式规避招标的，责令限期改正，可以处项目合同金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款；对全部或者部分使用国有资金的项目，可以暂停项目执行或者暂停资金拨付；对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
第五十条 招标代理机构违反本法规定，泄露应当保密的与招标投标活动有关的情况和资料的，或者与招标人、投标人串通损害国家利益、社会公共利益或者他人合法权益的，处五万元以上二十五万元以下的罚款，对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处单位罚款数额百分之五以上百分之十以下的罚款；有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得；情节严重的，暂停直至取消招标代理资格；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。给他人造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任。
前款所列行为影响中标结果的，中标无效。
第五十一条 招标人以不合理的条件限制或者排斥潜在投标人的，对潜在投标人实行歧视待遇的，强制要求投标人组成联合体共同投标的，或者限制投标人之间竞争的，责令改正，可以处一万元以上五万元以下的罚款。
第五十二条 依法必须进行招标的项目的招标人向他人透露已获取招标文件的潜在投标人的名称、数量或者可能影响公平竞争的有关招标投标的其他情况的，或者泄露标底的，给予警告，可以并处一万元以上十万元以下的罚款；对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
前款所列行为影响中标结果的，中标无效。
第五十三条 投标人相互串通投标或者与招标人串通投标的，投标人以向招标人或者评标委员会成员行贿的手段谋取中标的，中标无效，处中标项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款，对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处单位罚款数额百分之五以上百分之十以下的罚款；有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得；情节严重的，取消其一年至二年内参加依法必须进行招标的项目的投标资格并予以公告，直至由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。给他人造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任。
第五十四条 投标人以他人名义投标或者以其他方式弄虚作假，骗取中标的，中标无效，给招标人造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
依法必须进行招标的项目的投标人有前款所列行为尚未构成犯罪的，处中标项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款，对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处单位罚款数额百分之五以上百分之十以下的罚款；有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得；情节严重的，取消其一年至三年内参加依法必须进行招标的项目的投标资格并予以公告，直至由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照。
第五十五条 依法必须进行招标的项目， 招标人违反本法规定，与投标人就投标价格、投标方案等实质性内容进行谈判的，给予警告，对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
前款所列行为影响中标结果的，中标无效。
第五十六条 评标委员会成员收受投标人的财物或者其他好处的，评标委员会成员或者参加评标的有关工作人员向他人透露对投标文件的评审和比较、中标候选人的推荐以及与评标有关的其他情况的，给予警告，没收收受的财物，可以并处三千元以上五万元以下的罚款，对有所列违法行为的评标委员会成员取消担任评标委员会成员的资格，不得再参加任何依法必须进行招标的项目的评标；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第五十七条 招标人在评标委员会依法推荐的中标候选人以外确定中标人的，依法必须进行招标的项目在所有投标被评标委员会否决后自行确定中标人的，中标无效。责令改正，可以处中标项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款；对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
第五十八条 中标人将中标项目转让给他人的，将中标项目肢解后分别转让给他人的，违反本法规定将中标项目的部分主体、关键性工作分包给他人的，或者分包人再次分包的，转让、分包无效，处转让、分包项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款；有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得；可以责令停业整顿；情节严重的，由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照。
第五十九条 招标人与中标人不按照招标文件和中标人的投标文件订立合同的，或者招标人、中标人订立背离合同实质性内容的协议的，责令改正；可以处中标项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款。
第六十条 标人不履行与招标人订立的合同的，履约保证金不予退还，给招标人造成的损失超过履约保证金数额的，还应当对超过部分予以赔偿；没有提交履约保证金的，应当对招标人的损失承担赔偿责任。
中标人不按照与招标人订立的合同履行义务，情节严重的，取消其二年至五年内参加依法必须进行招标的项目的投标资格并予以公告，直至由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照。
因不可抗力不能履行合同的，不适用前两款规定。
第六十一条 本章规定的行政处罚，由国务院规定的有关行政监督部门决定。本法已对实施行政处罚的机关作出规定的除外。
第六十二条 任何单位违反本法规定，限制或者排斥本地区、本系统以外的法人或者其他组织参加投标的，为招标人指定招标代理机构的，强制招标人委托招标代理机构办理招标事宜的，或者以其他方式干涉招标投标活动的，责令改正；对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予警告、记过、记大过的处分，情节较重的，依法给予降级、撤职、开除的处分。
个人利用职权进行前款违法行为的，依照前款规定追究责任。
第六十三条 对招标投标活动依法负有行政监督职责的国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊、滥用职权或者玩忽职守，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。
第六十四条 依法必须进行招标的项目违反本法规定，中标无效的，应当依照本法规定的中标条件从其余投标人中重新确定中标人或者依照本法重新进行招标。
第六章 附 则
第六十五条 投标人和其他利害关系人认为招标投标活动不符合本法有关规定的，有权向招标人提出异议或者依法向有关行政监督部门投诉。
第六十六条 涉及国家安全、国家秘密、抢险救灾或者属于利用扶贫资金实行以工代赈、需要使用农民工等特殊情况，不适宜进行招标的项目，按照国家有关规定可以不进行招标。
第六十七条 使用国际组织或者外国政府贷款、援助资金的项目进行招标，贷款方、资金提供方对招标投标的具体条件和程序有不同规定的，可以适用其规定。但违背中华人民共和国的社会公共利益的除外。
第六十八条 本法自2000年1月1日起施行。
The Tendering and Bidding Law of the
People’s Republic of China
(Adopted at the 11th Session of the Standiug Demmitbe of the Ninth National
Poople , s Congnss on August 30 , 1999 , pix)inulgated by bere NO . 21 of the President of the Peeple’ s Republt`c of China
on August 30 , 1999) and effective as of January I , 2000)
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1 ThisLaw is formulated in order to regulate tendering and bidding activities,
protect national and public interests as well as the legitimate rights and interests of
the parties involved in tendering and bidding activities, improve economic benefits and
ensure quality of projects.
Article 2 This Law applies to the tendering and bidding activities within the territory
of the People’s Republic of China .
Article 3 The following construction projects undertaken within the territory of
the People’ s Republic of China, including the surveying and investi-gation, design, co-
nstruction and construction supervision of such projects as well as the procurement of
relevant major equipment and materials for such projects, shall be carried out through
tendering procedures :
(1) large scale infrastructure projects and public utility projects concerning pu-
blic interests and security ;
(2) projects invested completely or parily by the goveriinient or funded through
state financing ;
(3) projects using loans and aid funds from international organizations or foreign
goverments.
The specific scope and threshold for tendering of the projects listed in the preced-
ing paragraph shall be formulated by the development planning department of the State
Council , together with other State ouncil departments, and be reported to the State
Council for approval.
If otherlaws or the State Council have provisions on the scope of other projects which
must be subject to tender, such provisions shall be followed.
Article 4 No units or persons may break a project suhJect to tender by law into sev-
eral smaller parts or by any other means try to dodge tendering.
Article 5 Tenderingand bidding activities shall follow the principles of openness,
fairness, impartiality and trustworthiness.
Article 6 No local or departmental limits shall be imposed on the tenderingand bidd-
ing activities of the projects suUJect to tender by law. No units or persons shall, by any
means, illegally limit or exclude legal persons or other organizations from other regions or
systems from participating in bidding . No illegal interference in any form is pemiitted in
the tendering and bidding activities .
Article 7 Ail tendering and bidding activities and the parties involved shall be su-
bject to legally constituted supervision .
Relevant departments for adininistrative supervision shall undertake supervision of the
tendering and bidding activities according to. law, and investigate and deal with the any i-
llegal actions therein.
The division of specific duties and powers of the administrative supervision of tender-
ing and bidding.activities and .the relevant dspartrnentsshall be determined by the State
Council.
Chapter2 Tendering
Article 8 A tenderer is a legal person or other kind of organization proposing a pr-
oject subject to tender and undertakes tendering in accordance with this Law .
Article 9 If a project suUJect to tender is required to go through the procedures of
exaniination and approval in accordance with .elevantnational regulations, it shall firsily
proceed with such procedures and obtain the approval.
A tenderer shall have the correspoflding funds orconfirmed sources of funds for the pr-
oject subject to tender and state it truthfully in its tender documents .
Article 10 Tendering is dassified into two categories : open tendering and selective
tendering.
Open tendering indicates that a tenderer, in the form of tender notice, invites unspec-
ified legal persons or other organizations to bid.
Selective tendering means that a tenderer, in the form of invitation to bid, invites s-
pecified legal persons or other organizations to bid .
Article 11 If a national key construction project determined by the development plan-
ning department of the State Council or a local key construction project determined by the
poople , s government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under
the State Council is not suitable for open tendering , it may be suhJect to seiective tender-
ing with the approval of the dsvelopment planning department of the State Council or the po-
ople’ s government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the
State Council.
Article 12 A tenderer shall have the right to choose, on his own, a tendering agency
and entrust it to undertake tendering work. No units or iudividuals shall , by any means ,
appoint a tendering agency for the tenderer.
A tenderer who has the capability of compiling tender docunientation and organizing bid
evaluation may carry out the tender himself. No units or individuals shall force the tenderer
to entrust a tendering agency to carry out the tendering work.
A tenderer shall file a record to the relevant department for adriiimstrative supervis-
ion if it cames out by himself the tendering for a project suhJect to tender by law.
Article 13 A tendering agency is a social intermediary organization set up according
to law toengage in business as a tendering agent and provide related services.
A tendering agency shall satisfy the following conditions :
(1) having a place of business and the necessary financial resources for the business
as a tendering agent ;
(2) having relevant professional capacity for compiling tender docuxnents and organiz-
ing bid evaluation ;
(3) having a pool of experts in technology , economics and such other fields who sati-
sfy the conditions laid down in Paragraph 3 of Article 37 of this Law and who can be candid-
ates for members of the bid evaluation conixnittee.
Article 14 The qualificationsof tendering agencies engagingin the tendering business
of construction projects shall be specified by the adminis-trative departments for construc-
tion of the State Council or of the People’ s goveriirnent of provinces, autonomous regions
or municipalities directly under the State Council. The specific provisions therefor shall
be formulated by the administrative department for construction together with other relevant
departments of the State Council. The State Council shall determine the adriiinistrative de-
partments for specifying the qualifications of other tendering agencies engaged in the busi-
ness.
There shall be no subordination or other relationship of interest between tendering ag-
encies and adininistrative organs and other state organizations.
Article 15 A tendering agency shall conduct tendering work within the scope authoriz-
ed by the tenderer and shall comply with the provisions of this Law on tenderers.
Article 16 If the open tendering procedure is adopted by the tenderer, a tender noti-
ce shall be issued. The tender notice for a project subJect to tender according to law shall
be published in newspapers , information networks or other kinds of media designated by the
State.
Tender notice shall clearly present such particulars as the name and address of the te-
nderer, the nature, quantity, place and time of implementation of the project suhJect to te-
nder and the method of obtaining the tender docunients.
Article 17 If the selective tendering procedure is adopted by the tenderer, invitati-
ons to bid shall be sent to three or more specified legal persons or other organizations wh-
ich are capable of undertaking the project suhJect to tenderand have a good reputation and
qualification .
An invitation to bid shall clearly indicate the items specified in Paragraph 2 of Arti-
cle-16 of this Law .
Article 18 Based on the requirements of the project suhJect to tender, a tenderer may
request, in his tender notice or invitations to bid, potential bidders to provids relevant
certificates and information concerning their competence and business achievements and exam-
ine the qualifications of the potential bidders. If the State has provisions on the qualifi-
cations of the bidders, such provisions shall be followed .
A tenderer shall not restrict or excluds any potential bidder with unfair requirements,
nor shall he impose any discriminatory treatments on any potential bidder.
Artide 19 A tenderer shall compilethe tender docunients in accordance with the chara-
cteristics and requirements of the project. The tender documents shall include such substan-
tive requirements and terms as the .technical specifications of the project suhject to tender
,standards for examination of the bidders ’qualifications, requirements for bid price quotat-
ion and bid evaluation criteria as well as major clauses ofthe contract to be sigued.
If there are national provisions on the technology and standards for the project subJect
to tender, a tenderer shall, in accordance with such provisions,state such corresponding req-
uirements in the tender docurnents .
If there is a need to divide a project subject to tendsr into bid lots or to determine
the constrnction periods, the tenderer shall reasonably make such a division or determination
and shall state it clearly in the tender docurnents.
Article 20 Tendsr documents shall not require or indicate specified producer or supp-
lier, nor shall they contain any other provisions favouring or excluding potential bidders.
Article 21 In accordance with the actual conditions of a project suUJect to tender, a
tenderer may organize the potential bidders to inspect the site of ihe project .
Article 22 A tenderer shall not disclose to other poople the names and number of pot-
ential bidders who have obtainedthe tender docunients or other relevant information relating
to tendering and bidding activities which might affect fair competition.
A tenderer who has determined a tender base price shall keep such base price confident-
ial.
Article 23 If necessary clarifications or modifications are needed for the tender do-
cunients already issued, a tendsrer shall notify all tender documents recipients in writing
at least 15 days prior to the deadline for submi ssion of bids set in the tender documents.
Article 24 A tenderer shall set a reasonable period of time for bidders to prepare
their bid documents; but for a project subJect to tender acoording to law, the minimum peri-
od from the date of issuing the tender docunients to the deadline for submission of bid doc-
uments by bidders shall not be less than 20 days.
Chapter 3 Bidding
Article 25 A bidder is a legal person or other organization that responds to a tender
and participates in the bid competition.
If a scientific research project suUJect to tender according to law permits individuals
to participate in the bidding, the provisions of this Law on bidders shall apply to such in-
dividuals.
Article 26 A bidder shall have the capability to undertake the project suUJect to te-
nder , and if the State has provisions on the qualifications of bidders or the tenderdocume-
nts specify the qualifications for bidders, a bidder shall have such specified qualificatio-
ns .
Article 27 A bidder shall prepare his bid documents as required by the tender docuni-
ents. The bid documents shall respondto the substantive requirements and terms stipulated in
the tender docurnents.
If a project suhject to tender is a construction project, the contents of the responsive
bid documents shall include such information as the resume and business performances of the
project director and key professional staff to be appointed as well as the mechanical equip-
ment tobe employed for the completion of the project suhJect to tender.
Article 28 A bidder shall deliver his bid documents to the place of submission prior
to the deadline for submission set in the tender docunients. Upon receiving the bid documents
,the tenderer shall sign for and safe - keep but not open them. If there are less than three
bids, the tenderer shall retender according to this Law.
Any bid documents delivered after the deadline for submission required by the tender do-
cuments shall be rejected by the tenderer.
Article 29 Prior to the deadline for submission of bid docuinents set in the tender
docunients, a bidder may supplement, medify or withdraw his bid docunients already delivered
and shall notifythe tenderer in writing. The contents of such supplements or modifications
shall become a component of the his bid docunients .
Article 30 If a bidder, based on the project actual conditions stated in the tender
documents, intends to subcontract parts of the project, except the main component and criti-
cal tasks, after winning the bid, he shall make it clear in his bid documents.
Article 31 Two or more legal persons or other organizations may form a consortiuni a-
nd jointly bid as one bidder.
Each party to the consortium shall have the corresponding capability to undertake the p-
roject to tender.If the State or the tender documents have provisions on the qualifications
of bidders ,all parties to the consortium shall have the corresponding qualifications requir-
ed.If units of the same profession form a consortiuni, the qualification grade of the consor-
tium shall be detemined according to the unit with the lowest qualification level.
Parties to a consortiuni shall enter into an agreement on joint bidding to clearly dsf-
ine the tasks and responsibilities of each party, and shall submit ihe said agreement to the
tenderer together with the bid docurnents. If such a consortiurn wins the bid,all the parties
of the consortium shall jointly sign a contract with the tenderer and undertake joint liabi-
lities to the tenderer for the contract.
A tenderer shall not compel bidders. to form a consortium to bid jointly, nor shall he
restrict competition among bidders.
Article 32 A bidder shall not collude with other bidders in submitting their bid pri-
ce or exclude others from fair competition to damage the legal rights and interests of the
tenderer or the other bidders .
A bidder shall not collude with the tenderer in submitting bid to damage the national a-
nd public interests or the legal rights and interests of any other persons .
It is forbidden for a biddsr to bribe the tenderer or members of the bid evaluation co-
mmittee to wrongfully win the bid.
Article 33 A bidder shall not bid in competition at a price below cost, nor shall he
bid in the name of another person or resort to any other false and deceptive means to win the
bid through cheating.
Chapter 4 Opening, Evaluation
and Winning of Bids
Articie 34 Opening of bids shall be carried out openly at the sametime as the deadiine
for submission ofbid documents stipulated in the tender documents; and the place of opening
of bids shall be the one predetermined in the tender docurnents.
Article 35 Opening of bids shall be presided over by the tenderer, and all bidders sh-
all be invited to participate.
Article 36 When opening bids, the bidders or their chosen representatives shall check
the sealing of their bid docunients, and the sealing may also be checked and notarized by the
notary organization commissioned by the tenderer. After checking and cornniissioned by the t-
enderer. After checking and verifying that nothing is wrong, the working staff shall open the
bids in public and read out the names of the bidders, bid prices and other main contents of
the bid documents.
All bid docunients received by the tenderer prior to the deadline for submission requir-
ed by the tender documents shall be opened and read out in public when opening the bids.
The bid opening process shall be recorded and retained for future examination.
Article 37 Bid evaluation coniniittee established by the tenderer according to law s-
hall be responsible for the evaluation of bids.
The bid evaluation committee for a project subject to tender by law shall be composed of
the representatives of the tenderer and experts in the relevant technological, economic and
other fields. The number of the coniniittee members shall be an odd nuniber at or above five.
Among them, the number of experts on technology, economics and other fields shali not be less
than 2/3 of the total nuniber of members .
The experts mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall have at least eight year experie-
nce in the relevant field with senior position titles or equivalent professional levels, and
they shall be chosen by the tenderer from the name lists of experts provided by relevant dep-
artments of the State Chuncilor relevant departments of the people’ s govearients of provinc-
es , autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the State Chuncil, or from the name
lists of experts in the relevantfields from the pool of experts of the tendering agency. For
an ordinary project suhJect to tender, the experts may be chosen at random by the drawing of
lots but for a special project suUject to tender , the experts may bechosen directly by the
tenderer.
Those who have a relationship of interest with a bidder are not permitted to be the mem-
bers of the bid evaluation cornniittee for the related project. If already a member , he sha-
ll be replaced.
The name list of the members of the bid evaluation conunittee shall be kept confidential
before the result of the bid isdetermined.
Article 38 A tenderer shall take necessary measures to ensure that bid evaluation is
carried out in a strictly confidential manner.
No units or individuals shall illegally interfere in or influence the bid evaluation pro-
cedure and results.
Article 39 The bid evaluation committee may ask a bidder to niake necessary clarifica-
tions or explanations of the parts of his bid docuxnents which are not clear`, however, such
clarifications or explanations shall not exceed the scope of the bid documents nor alter any
substantive contents of the bid documents .
Article 40 The bidevaluation coniinittee shall compare and evaluate all the bid docun-
ients in accordance with the evaluation criteria and methods stated in the tender documents.
Where a base price has been established, it shall be referred to. After the bid evaluation c-
ommittee has completed its evaluation, it shall present a written report to the tenderer and
reconiniend the qualified candidates for winning the bid.
The tenderer shall, based on the wntten report on bid evaluation presented by the bid e-
valuation coinrnittee, identify the winning bidder from among ihe candidates reconiniendedby
the bid evaluation conirnittee. The tenderer may also authorizes the bid evaluation committee
to determine the winning bidder directly.
Any specific provisions of the State Council on bid evaluation of special projects subj-
ect to tender shall be observed .
Article 41 The bid of a winning bidder shall satisfy one of the following requiremen-
ts:
(1) it can meet, to the maximuni extent, all the comprehensive evaluation criteria sp-
ecified in the tender documents ;
(2) it can meet the substantive requirements stipulated in the tender docunients and
has the lowest bid price ofthe bids evaluated`, with theexception of the bid price below cost.
Article 42 After the evaluation, the bid evaluation com.mittee may reJect all the bids
if it believes that they fail to satisfy the requirements of the tender documents .
If all the bids of a project suhJect to tender according to law are rejected, the tend-
erer shall retender in accordance with this Law.
Article 43 Before the determination of the winning bidder , the tenderershallnot un-
dertake negotiation with the bidders on substantive contents of the bid such as bid price,
bidding scheme, etc.
Article 44 Members ofthe bid evaluation cornniittee shall ohJectively and impartially
perform their duties, comply with the code of professional ethics and be responsible for. th-
eir evaluation opinions .
Members of the bid evaluation cornniittee shall not make any privatecontact with the bi-
dders, or accept any valuables or other benefits .from the bidders .
Members of the bid evaluation cornniittee and ihe working staff involved in bid evalua-
tion shall not disclose any information concemingthe evaluation and comparison of the bids ,
the recommendations on candidates for winning the bid and other information relating to bid
evaluation.
Article 45 As soon as the winning bidder is de-
termined, the tenderer shall send a notice of contract
awnrd to the winning bidder and, at the same time, inform all
the unsuccessful bidders of the bidding results.
The notice of contract award is legally binding on both the tende-
rer and the winning bidder. After the notice of contract award is sent out
rer and the winning bidder. After the notice of contract award is sent out
if the ten-derer changes the bidding result or the winning bidder gives up the
bid won, he shall bear legal liabilities according to law.
Article 46 The tenderer and the winning bidder shall sign a written contr-
act on the basis of tender docurnents and the bid docunients of the winner within 30
days following the date of issuance of the notice of contract award. The tenderer and
the winning bidder shall not conclude any other agreement contrary to the substantive
contents of the contract.
If the tender docunients require the winning bidder to provide performance securi-
ty, the winning bidder shall do so.
Article 47 The tenderer of a project subject to tender according to law shall s-
ubmit a written report about the tender to the relevant department for administrative
supervision within 15 days following the date of determining the winning biddsr.
Article 48 A winning bidder shall fulfil his obligations and finish the project
according to the contract. He shall not transfer the bid won to others,nor shall he bre-
ak it into parts afid transfer them to others .
A winning Uiddsr may subcontract some minor and less important work to others subj-
ect to the contract provisions or the agreenient of the tenderer.The subcontractor shou-
ld be correspondingly qualified and shall not further subcontract the work.
A wininng bidder shall be responsible to the tenderer for the subcontracted works,
and the persons acceptingthe subcontracts shall accept joint liabilities for the subcon-
tracted works.
Chapter 5 Legal Liabilities
Article 49 Whoever viofates the provisions of this Law by not tendering a project
subject to tender, or by breaking a project suVJect to tender into parts or resorts to a-
ny means to dodge tender, corrections shall be mads within a given period of time and a fine
exceeding 0.5 per cent and not exceeding 1 percent of the contract value of the.project shall
be imposed. If the project uses, completely or partly,stateowned fund, the project shall be
suspended or allocation of fund shall be suspended.The person -in - charge and other persons
directly responsible of the unit shall be sanctioned according to law.
Article 50 If a tendering agency in violation of the provisions of this Law, divulges
confidential information and materials relating to the tendering and bidding activities or
colludes with the tenderer and bidders to damage the State’ s and public interests or the le-
gitimate rights and interests of other persons, a fine exceeding 50 , 000 yuan but not excee-
ding 250 ,000 yuan shall be imposed. The person -in- charge and other persons directly resp-
onsible of the unit shall be imposed a fine exceeding 5 per cent and not exceeding 10 percent
of the fine imposed on the unit. Any illegal gains therefrom shall be confiscatal. If the vi-
olation is serious, the qualifications of the tendering agency shall be suspended or be revo-
ked. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law. If
any loss is caused to other persons liability for compensation shall be imposed therefor acc-
ording to law.
If an act set forth in the preceding paragraph affects the bidding result , the result
shall be null and void .
Article 51 The tenderer who restricts or excludes potential bidders from bidding with
unreasonable requirements,applies discriminate treatment against potentiai bidder, compels
bidders to form a consortium to bid jointly, or restricts competition arnong the bidders, sh-
all be ordered to make corrections and may be imposed a fine exceeding 10, 000 yuan but not
exceeding 50 , 000 yuan.
Article 52 If the tenderer for a projeci subject to tender according to law discloses
the names and nurnbers of potential bidders who have already acquired the tender documents or
any other relevant information regarding tendering and bidding which will likely affect fair
competition tender base price, a warning shall be given and a fine exceeding 10, 000 yuan but
not exceeding 100, 000 yuan may be imposed. The person - in - charge and other persons dire-
ctly responsible of the unit shall be sanctioned according to law. If a crime is constitut-
ed, criminal responsibility shall bepursued according to law.
If an act set forth in the preceding paragraph affects the bidding result the result sh-
allbe null and void .
Article 53 If the bidders collude with one another or with the tendsrer in submitting
their bids,or the bidders resort to the offering of bribes to the tenderer or members of the
bid evaluation conmmittee to wrongfully win the bid, the winning of the bid shall be null and
void. A fine exceeding 0 . 5 percent but not exceeding 1- per cent of the value of the bid w-
on shall be imposed. The person - in - charge and other persons directly responsible of the
unit shall be imposed a fine exceeding 5 per cent but not exceeding 10 per c..t of the fine
imposed on the unit. Any illegal gains therefrom shall be confiscated concurrently. If the
violation is serious, qualification to take part in bidding for projects suhJect to tender
according to law shall be cancelled for one to two years and the cancellation shall be publ-
icly announced.Further the business licence may be revoked by the adriiinistration office of
cornrnerce and industry. If a criminal offence is constituted criminal responsibility shall
be pursued according to law. If any loss is caused to other persons liability for compensat-
ion shall be imposed.
Article 54 The winning of the bid is invalid if the bidder submits his bid in the name
of others or resorts to other means ofdeception to win the bid by cheating. If a loss is ca-
used to the tenderer, liability for compensation shall be imposed according to law.If a crime
isconstituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.
If the actions set forth in the preceding paragraph by a biilder of a project suhJect to
tendsr according to law do notconstitute a crime, a fine exceeding 0.5 per cent and not exce-
eding 1 per cent of the sum of the bid won shall be imposed. The person incharge and other p-
ersons directly responsible of the unit shali be imposed a fine exceeding 5 percent but not
exceeding 10 per cent of the fine imposed on the unit. Any illegai gains shall be confiscated
concurrently. If the violation is serious, the qualification to take part in bidding for pro-
jects subject to tender according to law shall be cancelled for one to three ycars and the
cancellation shall be public announced. Further its business licence may even be revoked by
the adriiinistrative office of industry and colnnlerce .
Article 55 If the tenderer of a project suhject to tender according to law, in viola-
tion of the provisions of this Law, negotiates with bidders on such substantive contents as
the bid price or bidding scheme etc. , a warning shall be given and the person incharge and
other persons directly responsible of the unit shall be sanctioned according to law.
If an act set forth in the preceding paragraphaffects the bidding result, the bid won shall
be null and void .
Article 56 If a member of the bid evaluation committee accepts valuables or other be-
nefits from a bidder or if a member of the bid evaluation committee or a working staff invol-
ved in bid evaluation discloses to another person the evaluation and comparison of bid docum-
ents, recommendation of candidate for winning the bid or any other information relating to b-
id evaluation, a warning shall be given. The valuables accepted shall be confiscated and con-
currently a fine exceeding 3 , 000 yuan and not exceeding 50,000 yuan may be imposed. The me-
mber of the bid evaluation coniniittee cornrnitting any of the illegal acts set forth shall
have his qualification to serve as a memberof the committee revoked and he shall no longer t-
ake part in bid evaluation of prdjects subject to tender according to law. If a crime is con-
stituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.
Article 57 If the tenderer determines the winning bidder outside the list of candidate
for winning the bid as recornniendsd according to law by the bid evaluationcorn:rnittee, or
determines on his own the winning bidder after all the bids for the project subject to tender
according to law have been rejected by ihe bid evaluation conlxnirtee, the determination shall
be null and void. An order to make corrections shall be given and a fine exceeding 0 . 5 per-
cent but not exceeding 1 per cent of the value of the bid won shall be imposed. The person -
in-charge and other persons directly responsible of the unit shall be sanctioned according to
law .
Article 58 If the winning bidder transfers the bid won to others, or breaks it into
several parts and transfers them separately to others, or in violation of the provisions of
this Law, subcontracts some major components or critical work of the bid won to others , or
if further subcontracting occurs ,the transfer-ring and subcontracting of the work is invalid
and concurrently a fine of 0.5 per cent to 1 per cent of the value of the parts transferred
or subcontracted shall be imposed. Any illegal gains therefrom shall be confiscated and an
order may be given for the suspension of work for rectification. If the violation is serious,
the administration office of industry. and commerce may even revoke its business license .
Article 59 If the tenderer and the winning bidder fail to conclude a contract accord-
ing to the tender docurnents and bid documents of the winning bidder, or the tenderer and the
winning.biddsr conclude an agreement contrary to the substantive contents of the contract ,
an order shall be given to make corrections; and a fine exceeding 0.5 per cent but not excee-
ding 1 per cent of the value of the bid won may be imposed.
Article 60 If the winning bidder fails to performthe contract signed with the tenderer,
his performance security shall not be refunded. If the loss caused to the tenderer is larger
than the amount of performance security, the excess amount shall be compensated. If no perfo-
rmance security has been provided, liability for compensating the tenderer for his loss shall
be imposed.
If the winning bidder fails to fulfil its obligations according to the contract signed
with the tenderer and the breach is serious, its qualifications to take part in bidding for
project subJect to tender according to law shall be cancelled for two to five years and the
cancellation shall be publicly announced.Further the adriiinistration office of industry and
commerce may even revoke its business license .
If the contract is unable to be performed due to force - majure ,the provisions of the
preceding two paragraphs shall not apply.
Article 61 The administrative sanctions set forth in this chapter shall be determined
by the relevant adilfinistrative supervision departments designated by the State Chuncil, ex-
cluding those laid down by this Law for the organisations that execute adriiinistrative sanc-
tions .
Article 62 If any unit, in violation of the provisions of this Law,restricts or excl-
udes a legal person or any other organization from another place or system to take part in
bidding, designates a bidding agency for the tenderer, compels a tenderer to authorize a bid-
ding agency to carry out the tender, or interferes with the tender and bid activities in any
other manner, an order shall be given to make corrections. The person in charge and other pe-
rson directly responsible of the unit shall be given such sanctions as warning, recording of
demerit or recording of serious demerit according to law. If the violation is serious, such
sanctions as demotion, removal from office or expulsion shall be given according to law.
A person who conimits any of the iliegal acts set forth in the preceding paragraph by
taking advantage of his position shall be prosecuted for his responsibility in accordance wi-
th the provisions of the preceding paragraph .
Article 63 If officials having the responsibilities for administrative supervision of
the tendering and bidding activities according to law play favorite ,abuse authority or negl-
ect their duty of office and such actions constitute a crime , criminal responsibility shall
be pursued according to law. If the actions do not constitute a crime, administrative sancti-
ons shall be imposed according to law.
Article 64 If the bidding result ofa project subject to tender according tolaw becomes
null and void due to violation of the provisions of this I-aw, a new winning bidder shall be
determined from among other bidders according to the provision for determining the winning b-
id laid down in this Law or a new tender shall be carried out according to this Law.
Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions
Article 65 A bidder or any other interested person has the right to raise his object-
ions to the tenderer or to file a complaint with the relevant administrative supervision dep-
artment if he believes that the bidding and tendering activities do not comply with the rele-
vant provisions of this Law.
Article 66 Projects conceming state security or national secret, emergency rescue and
disaster relief, or other special circurnstances involving the use of relief fund for provid-
ing work as a form of relief or the need to employ farmers as workers, may not be subject to
tender in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
Article 67 If international organizations or foreign governments have different regu-
lations on the bidding requirements and processes, projects using loans or aid from such in-
ternational organizations or foreign govemments may comply with such different regulations
unless it is againstthe public interest of the People ’ s Republic of China.
Article 68 This Law shall come into force as of January 1,2000.
